Frozen shoulder is a disorder where the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder becomes inflamed and stiff and abnormal bands of tissue form restricting motion and causing chronic pain.
The joint becomes so tight and stiff that it is nearly impossible to carry out simple movements for example raising the arm. The range of movement is severely restricted.
Bursitis is typically identified by localized pain or swelling, tenderness, and pain with motion of the tissues in the affected area. X-ray testing can sometimes detect calcifications in the bursa when bursitis has been chronic or recurrent. MRI scanning (magnetic resonance imaging) can also define bursitis.
The cause for frozen shoulder is unknown. Nonetheless, there are a number of risk factors which includes diabetes, stroke, accidents, lung disease, connective tissue disorders, and heart disease.
To prevent shoulder pain due to frozen shoulder, a common recommendation is to keep the shoulder joint fully moving. Often a shoulder will hurt when it begins to freeze.
The treatment is a combination of medication, physiotherapy and home exercise. Some patients require manipulation of the shoulder joint under anaesthesia to break down the abnormal tissue bands. Arthroscopic debridement of the scar tissue may be necessary for more severe cases.
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